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User’s and Service Guide Agilent Technologies 85052C  3.5 mm Precision Calibration Kit Agilent Part Number: 85052-90078 Printed in USA  Print Date: August 2010 Supersedes: December 2007 © Copyright Agilent Technologies, Inc., 1994, 1995, 2000–2002, 2005, 2007, 2010  -ii 85052C Documentation Warranty THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND IS  SUBJECT TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS.  FURTHER, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,  AGILENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH  REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN,  INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AGILENT  SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL  DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE  OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD  AGILENT AND THE USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH  WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT  CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE  AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL. DFARS/Restricted Rights Notice If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or  subcontract, Software is delivered and licensed as “Commercial computer software” as  defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June 1995), or as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR  2.101(a) or as “Restricted computer software” as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or  any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of  Software is subject to Agilent Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and  non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than  Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users  will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or  DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data. Printing Copies of Documentation from the Web To print copies of documentation from the Web, download the PDF file from the Agilent  web site: •Go to www.agilent.com. •Enter the product model number in the Search function and click Search. •Click on the Manuals hyperlink. •Open the PDF of your choice and print the document.85052C -iii Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available  for Agilent products. For any assistance, contact Agilent Technologies. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on  page5-5. -iv 85052CContents  85052C v 1.General Information Calibration Kit Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Kit Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2 Broadband Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 Offset Opens and Shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Precision Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5 Precision Airlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9 3.5 mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-10 Calibration Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Equipment Required but Not Supplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-11 Incoming Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-12 Recording the Device Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-13 Precision Slotless Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-14 Clarifying the Terminology of a Connector Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15 Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-15 When to Calibrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-16 2.Specifications Environmental Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2 Temperature—What to Watch Out For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2 Mechanical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Pin Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3 Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5 Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 3.Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2 Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Look for Obvious Defects and Damage First. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 What Causes Connector Wear?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Inspect the Mating Plane Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3 Inspect Female Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Cleaning Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4 Gaging Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 Connector Gage Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7 When to Gage Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8 Gaging Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9 Gaging Male 3.5 mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9 Gaging Female 3.5 mm Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11 Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13 How to Make a Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13 Preliminary Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13 Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13 How to Separate a Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15 Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15 Configuring Port 1 and Port 2 of the Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16 Installing Test Port Return Cables and Test Port Anti-Rotation Clamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18 Installing Precision Adapters and Adapter Anti-Rotation Clamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19vi 85052C   Contents Using Precision Airlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20 When Stop Frequency Is Greater than 7 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20 When Start Frequency Is Less Than 7 GHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23 Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26 PNA-Series Network Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26 872x-Series and 875x-Series Network Analyzers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 8510-Series Network Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Load Calibration Kit Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Measure Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Check the Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30 Adapter Removal Calibration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32 General Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32 Noninsertable Device Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-32 Adapter Removal Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-33 Offset Load Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-35 Offset Load Calibration Sequence for the PNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-36 Procedure A: Female Test Port on DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-36 Procedure B: Male Test Port on DUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-39 4.Performance Verification Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 How Agilent Verifies the Devices in Your Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2 Recertification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 How Often to Recertify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 Where to Send a Kit for Recertification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3 5.Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2 Where to Look for More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3 Returning a Kit or Device to Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4 Contacting Agilent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5 6.Replaceable Parts  Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2 A.Standard Definitions Class Assignments and Standard Definitions Values are Available on the Web. . . . . . . . . .A-21-1 1 General Information1-2 85052C General Information Calibration Kit Overview Calibration Kit Overview The Agilent 85052C 3.5 mm calibration kit is used to calibrate Agilent network analyzers  up to 32 GHz for measurements of components with 3.5 mm connectors. The 85052C is designed to be used in TRL 2-Port measurement calibration as implemented  in vector network analyzers. TRL stands for Thru-Reflect-Line, naming the main  standards used in the accuracy enhancement procedure. The 3.5 mm connector is the most frequently used connector for frequency coverage up to  32 GHz. Well constructed 3.5 mm connectors and transmission lines can work up to 34  GHz. Metrology grade versions of this connector are used for high performance test ports  and for calibration standards. All 3.5 mm female connectors are of the precision slotless  (PSC-3.5) type. These connectors are designed for long repeatability when used with  appropriate connector care and connection technique. SMA, SMA-compatible, or 3.5 mm  connectors used on the test ports, adapters, cables, and calibration standards provide the  most accurate and repeatable measurements. TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) represents a family of calibration techniques that measure  various combinations of precision transmission lines and reflection standards to determine  the 2-Port, 12-term VNA error coefficients. The specific calibration techniques described  here use measurements of the zero-length thru (T), reflection standards (R) at each port,  and one or more lengths of precision transmission line (L) of the same impedance to cover  the desired calibration frequency range. At low frequencies where the required  transmission line length becomes too long for precision work, the TRM (thru-reflect-match)  calibration is used. The fixed loads in the kit are used as matched standards. The 85052C calibration kit can also be used to perform 1-port calibrations using the  open-short-load (OSL) and open-short-offset load techniques. The precision transmission  lines can be used as precision offsets for the offset load calibrations. Kit Contents The 85052C 3.5 mm Precision Calibration Kit contains components useful for several  different calibration techniques. The parts used for the TRL 2-Port calibration are: •longer precision air line for 2 to 7 GHz •shorter precision air line for 7 to 32 GHz •male and female short circuits •male and female open circuits •male and female fixed loads Other parts included are: •three precision TRL adapters •two adapter anti-rotation clamps •airline insertion tools •5/16 inch, 90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench85052C 1-3 General Information Calibration Kit Overview •spanner wrench •4-mm hex balldriver •calibration kit storage case Refer to Chapter 6, “Replaceable Parts,” for a complete list of kit contents and their  associated part numbers. Broadband Loads The broadband loads are metrology-grade terminations that have been optimized for  performance up to 26.5 GHz. The rugged internal structure provides for highly repeatable  connections. A distributed resistive element on sapphire provides excellent stability and  return loss. TRL 2-Port calibration allows measurement of the loads to determine the error  coefficients. The default usage is TRM up to 2 GHz. It may be used up to 26.5 GHz by  changing the calibration kit definitions. The “match” standards may be defined as  infinite-length transmission lines whose input impedance is the reference impedance, Z0.  They may be defined as loads also. See Agilent Application Note 1287-11 (Agilent part  number 5989-4840EN), “Specifying Calibration Standards and Kits for Agilent Vector  Network Analyzers.” You can view this document online at www.agilent.com by using the  search function. When the more accurate OSL calibration is desired, the broadband loads, in conjunction  with the precision transmission lines and adapters, can be used in the offset load  configuration. See “Offset Load Calibration” on page3-35. An offset load can be considered  a compound standard consisting of two known offsets (transmission lines) of different  length and a load element. The definition of the offsets is the same as all offset  transmission lines. The shorter of the two offsets can be a zero length offset. The load  element is defined as a one-port reflection standard. An offset load standard is used when  the response of the offset standards is known more precisely than the response of the load  element. Measurement of an offset load standard consists of two measurements - both  offsets terminated by the load element. The frequency range of the offset load standard  should be set so that there will be at least a 20-degree separation between the expected  response of each measurement. In cases where more than two offsets are used, the  frequency range may be extended. This is because the internal algorithm at each  frequency will search through all of the possible combinations of offsets to find the pair  with the widest expected separation (to use in determining the actual response of the load  element.) When specifying more than two offsets, the user should define multiple offset  load standards. These same broadband loads are used for the isolation part of the calibration. Exact  equivalent responses are not required for this step.1-4 85052C General Information Calibration Kit Overview Figure1-10 to 26.5 GHz Loads — Male and Female Fixed Broadband Loads Offset Opens and Shorts The offset opens and shorts are built from parts that are machined to the current  state-of-the-art in precision machining. The offset short’s inner conductors have a one-piece construction, common with the  shorting plane. The construction provides for extremely repeatable connections. The offset opens have inner conductors that are supported by a strong,  low-dielectric-constant plastic to minimize compensation values. Both the opens and shorts are constructed so that the pin depth can be controlled very  tightly, thereby minimizing phase errors. The lengths of the offsets in the opens and shorts  are designed so that the difference in phase of their reflection coefficients is approximately  180 degrees at all frequencies.85052C 1-5 General Information Calibration Kit Overview Figure 1-2 Reflection Standards — Male and Female Short Circuits Precision Adapters Like the other devices in the kit, the precision adapters are built to very tight tolerances to  provide good broadband performance. The adapters utilize a dual-beaded connector  structure to ensure stable, repeatable connections. The beads are designed to minimize  return loss and are separated far enough so that interaction between the beads is  minimized. The precision adapters are designed so that their nominal electrical lengths are the same,  which allows them to be used in calibration procedures for non-insertable devices. Three precision adapters are included in this kit. Two are always recommended for the 3.5  mm TRL 2-Port measurement calibration. All three can be used with the 8510-series,  872x-series, and 875x-series network analyzers in the adapter removal calibration for  measurement of noninsertable devices. (The PNA offers calibrations for non-insertable  devices that are more accurate than the adapter removal method.) Complete performance  verification assumes use of the precision adapters in this kit as the test ports. Figure1-3Precision TRL Test Port Adapters Recession Limits  The female receptacle recession and the male pin recession, along  with other mechanical specifications of Port 1 and Port 2, must be within limits to meet  complete measurement specifications. If other connectors than these precision adapters  are used as the test ports, they must be fully inspected. Using other than the highest  quality connectors as the test ports will reduce accuracy and repeatability as well as  possibly damaging the calibration standards. Precision Connectors  For general use, any 3.5 mm precision slotless female connector  can be used for the female test port. The 3.5 mm precision male connector used on the male  end of these adapters is always required for measurements between 7-32 GHz in order to  connect the 7-32 GHz air line in this kit. Any 3.5 mm precision male connector can be used  at frequencies less than 7 GHz. FEMALE to FEMALE MALE to MALE MALE to FEMALE1-6 85052C General Information Calibration Kit Overview Installation Feature  The precision adapter male connector has a special feature to  allow installation of the 7-32 air line. •Grasp the knurled sleeve and move the nut to its extended position by pulling on it. This is the position used for measurement of the 7-32 GH air line. Figure1-4Extended Position •Now move the sleeve forward and push the nut back into its standard position. This position is used to install the 2-7 GHz air line, for connecting the other calibration  standards, and for connecting the device under test. Figure1-5Standard Position Precision Airlines The precision airlines are metrology-grade impedance reference devices. The characteristic  impedance (Z0) of the line establishes the reference impedance after error correction is  applied. Each airline is always stored in its installation tool to help prevent damage and  preserve cleanliness. The shorter air line is used for measurement calibration over the 7 to 32 GHz frequency  range. The longer air line is used for measurement calibration over the 2 to 7 GHz range.  Each air line is fully specified at all frequencies within its stated range. Figure1-6Line Standards — 7 to 32 GHz and 2 to 7 GHz Air Lines Installed in  Tools with Storage Bottles85052C 1-7 General Information Calibration Kit Overview Figure1-7Polar Display Showing Phase Response of Longer Air Line Over 2 to  7 GHz Frequency Range Figure1-8Polar Display Showing Phase Response of Shorter Air Line Over 7 to  26.5 GHz Frequency Range Each air line consists of a separate outer conductor and center conductor and includes its  own tool used for installing and removing the parts from the test port. Both are insertable.  Each has a male end and a female end. The male end of the air line fits into the  installation tool.1-8 85052C General Information Calibration Kit Overview Figure1-9Air Lines Removed from Installation Tools CAUTION The parts may be removed for inspection, if necessary. The tool is always used  to install the parts for calibration. Use extreme care in handling these parts.  Use static dissipative finger sheaths, or "finger cots," to prevent  contamination. Liquid or solid residue on the connector parts will degrade  performance. In particular, the inner conductors can be easily deformed by  squeezing. Do not use metal tweezers or other devices to pick up or hold the  parts. Figure1-10Installing the Air Lines in Installation Tools Air Line Frequency Coverage  The following illustration shows the frequency range  covered by the air line and fixed loads for the Lines part of the TRL 2-Port calibration  procedure. If measuring over the entire frequency range, measure the 7-32 Line first, then  the 2-7 Line, then the 0-2 Loads. If measuring over a reduced frequency range, only those  standards for that frequency range need to be measured. For example, if you are testing  over the 3-22 GHz range, only the 7-32 Line and the 2-7 Line must be measured. The standard label for the 2-7 Line would indicate that its data is valid only from 2 to 7  GHz. However, you may choose to use data from the 2-7 Line down to the 1 GHz by simply  not measuring the 0-2 Loads. If the 0-2 Loads are measured after the 2-7 Line, the 0-2  Loads data will replace data from the 2-7 Line.85052C 1-9 General Information Calibration Kit Overview Figure1-11Frequency Coverage for Line Part of Measurement Calibration Changing the Air Line Frequency Range  Sometimes your application may require a  frequency range slightly beyond the standard frequency range of one of the precision air  lines. In this case, you may extend the frequency range of one of the air lines in order to  accomplish the calibration by connecting only one of the air lines. The error coefficients are determined with best accuracy when the Thru and the Line  phase response is separated by ± 90 degrees at corresponding frequencies. When the  transmission phase response of a line standard is the same or gets very close to zero or 180  degrees of the Thru standard at the same frequency, the result becomes less certain. The  correct result cannot be determined when the phase response is exactly equal or 180  degrees apart. This is why a particular length air line covers a specific frequency range. To evaluate the phase response, first do a simple transmission frequency response  calibration using the Thru standard (Port 1 connected directly to Port 2), then measure the  S21 phase of the air line. The standard air line frequency specifications provide for greater  than 20 degrees separation. Experiment with this by using the Modify Cal Kit function to change the Minimum  Frequency or Maximum Frequency specification for the air line, and then performing the  TRL 2-Port calibration procedure. With correction on, the trace noise on the  error-corrected trace may increase at the points where the phase of the air line used for  calibration approaches the phase of the Thru, often showing large discontinuities at the  point where the phase of both standards are identical or separated by 180 degrees. If this error is acceptable in your measurement, change the standard label for the air line  and save the redefined cal kit for later use. If the error is not acceptable, reload the  standard cal kit definition. Tools A torque wrench and spanner wrench are included in the kit to loosen and tighten the 1-10 85052C General Information Calibration Kit Overview connectors. The small torque wrench is used for the 3.5-mm nuts. The large torque wrench  is used for the 20-mm nuts on the precision adapters. It is included with the network  analyzer. The spanner wrench is used to hold the precision adapter while using the  appropriate torque wrench to tighten the connection. Also included is the hex wrench for tightening and loosening the adapter anti-rotation  clamp securing screws. CAUTION When making connections, turn the nut on the device; never turn the device  itself. Turning the device will cause excessive wear of both connector mating  surfaces and cause debris to collect in the female receptacle. Figure1-12Torque Wrench Figure1-13Spanner Wrench Figure1-14Torque Wrench (not included) Figure1-15Hex Wrench for Adapter Anti-Rotation Clamp 3.5 mm Connectors The 3.5 mm geometry connector is the most frequently used connector when frequency  coverage up to 26.5 GHz, reasonable commonality, and durability is desired. Well  constructed connectors and transmission lines can work up to 34 GHz. Metrology grade  versions of this connector are used for high performance test ports and for calibration  standards. Whether the device uses SMA, SMA-compatible, or 3.5 mm, the 3.5 mm  connectors used on the test ports, adapters, cables, and calibration standards provide the  most accurate and repeatable solution.85052C 1-11 General Information Calibration Kit Overview Calibration Definitions The calibration kit must be selected and the calibration definitions for the devices in the  kit installed in the network analyzer prior to performing a calibration.   The calibration definitions can be: •resident within the analyzer •manually entered from the front panel Class assignments and standard definitions may change as more accurate model and  calibration methods are developed. You can download the most recent class assignments  and standard definitions from Agilent’s Calibration Kit Definitions Web page at  www.na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.html Refer to your network analyzer user’s guide or embedded Help for instructions on  manually entering calibration definitions, selecting the calibration kit, and performing a  calibration. NOTE The 8510 network analyzer is no longer being sold or supported by Agilent.  However, you can download the 8510 class assignments and standard  definitions from Agilent’s Calibration Kit Definitions Web page at  www.na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.html Equipment Required but Not Supplied Gages, connector cleaning supplies, test port anti-rotation clamps, and various  electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices are not supplied with the calibration kit  but are required to ensure successful operation of the kit. Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for  ordering information.1-12 85052C General Information Incoming Inspection Incoming Inspection Verify that the shipment is complete by referring to Table 6-1 on page 6-2. Check for damage. The foam-lined storage case provides protection during shipping. Verify  that this case and its contents are not damaged. If the case or any device appears damaged, or if the shipment is incomplete, contact  Agilent Technologies. See page5-5 for contact information. Agilent will arrange for repair  or replacement of incomplete or damaged shipments without waiting for a settlement from  the transportation company. When you send the kit or device to Agilent, include a service tag (found at the back of this  manual) with the following information: •your company name and address •the name of a technical contact person within your company, and the person's complete  phone number •the model number and serial number of the kit •the part number and serial number of the device •the type of service required •a detailed description of the problem85052C 1-13 General Information Recording the Device Serial Numbers Recording the Device Serial Numbers In addition to the kit serial number, the devices in the kit are individually serialized (serial  numbers are labeled onto the body of each device). Record these serial numbers in  Table 1-1. Recording the serial numbers will prevent confusing the devices in this kit with  similar devices from other kits. The adapters included in the kit are for measurement convenience only and are not  serialized. Table1-1Serial Number Record for the 85052C DeviceSerial Number Calibration kit –m– broadband load –f– broadband load –m– open –f– open –m– short –f– short –m– to –m– precision adapter –m– to –f– precision adapter –f– to –f– precision adapter Long precision airline (2 to 7 GHz) Short precision airline (7 to 32 GHz) _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________1-14 85052C General Information Precision Slotless Connectors Precision Slotless Connectors The female 3.5 mm connectors in this calibration kit are metrology-grade, precision  slotless connectors (PSC). A characteristic of metrology-grade connectors is direct  traceability to national measurement standards through their well-defined mechanical  dimensions. Conventional female center conductors are slotted. When mated, the female center  conductor is flared by the male pin. Because physical dimensions determine connector  impedance, electrical characteristics of the female connector (and connection pair) are  dependent upon the mechanical dimensions of the male pin. While connectors are used in  pairs, their male and female halves are always specified separately as part of a standard,  instrument, or device under test. Because of these facts, making precision measurements  with the conventional slotted connector is very difficult, and establishing a direct  traceability path to primary dimensional standards is nearly impossible. The precision slotless connector was developed to eliminate these problems. All PSCs are  female. A PSC incorporates a center conductor with a solid cylindrical shell that defines  the outside diameter of the female center pin. Its outside diameter and, therefore, the  impedance in its region does not change. The inner part provides an internal contact that  flexes to accept the allowed range of male pin diameters. The calibration of a network analyzer having a conventional slotted female connector on  the test port remains valid only when the device under test and all calibration standards  have identical male pin diameters. For this reason PSC test port adapters are supplied in  most calibration kits. Precision slotless connectors have the following characteristics: •There is no loss of traceable calibration on test ports when the male pin diameter of the  connector on the device under test is different from the male pin diameter of the  calibration standard. •The female PSC and its mating male connector can be measured and specified  separately as part of the device either is attached to. •All female connectors can have a known, stable impedance based only on the diameters  of their inner and outer conductors. •Female calibration standards can be fully specified. Their specifications and  traceability are unaffected by the diameter of the male mating pin. •A fully traceable performance verification is made using a precision 50 ohm airline  having a PSC. •Measurement repeatability is enhanced due to non-changing connector characteristics  with various pin diameters. With PSCs on test ports and standards, the percentage of accuracy achieved when  measuring at 50 dB return loss levels is comparable to using conventional slotted  connectors measuring devices having only 30 dB return loss. This represents an accuracy  improvement of about 10 times.85052C 1-15 General Information Clarifying the Terminology of a Connector Interface Clarifying the Terminology of a Connector Interface In this document and in the prompts of the PNA calibration wizard, the gender of cable  connectors and adapters is referred to in terms of the center conductor. For example, a  connector or device designated as 1.85 mm –f– has a 1.85 mm female center conductor. 8510-series, 872x, and 875x ONLY: In contrast, during a measurement calibration, the  network analyzer softkey menus label a 1.85 mm calibration device with reference to the  sex of the analyzer’s test port connector—not the calibration device connector. For  example, the label SHORT(F) refers to the short that is to be connected to the female test  port. This will be a male short from the calibration kit. A connector gage is referred to in terms of the connector that it measures. For instance, a  male connector gage has a female connector on the gage so that it can measure male  devices. Preventive Maintenance The best techniques for maintaining the integrity of the devices in the kit include: •routine visual inspection •cleaning •proper gaging •proper connection techniques All of these are described in Chapter 3. Failure to detect and remove dirt or metallic  particles on a mating plane surface can degrade repeatability and accuracy and can  damage any connector mated to it. Improper connections, resulting from pin depth values  being out of the observed limits (see Table 2-2 on page 2-4) or from bad connection  techniques, can also damage these devices. Table1-2Clarifying the Sex of Connectors: Examples TerminologyMeaning Short –f– Female short (female center conductor) Short (f)Male short (male center conductor) to be connected to female port1-16 85052C General Information When to Calibrate When to Calibrate A network analyzer calibration remains valid as long as the changes in the systematic  error are insignificant. This means that changes to the uncorrected leakages (directivity  and isolation), mismatches (source match and load match), and frequency response of the  system are small (<10%) relative to accuracy specifications. Change in the environment (especially temperature) between calibration and  measurement is the major cause in calibration accuracy degradation. The major effect is a  change in the physical length of external and internal cables. Other important causes are  dirty and damaged test port connectors and calibration standards. If the connectors  become dirty or damaged, measurement repeatability and accuracy is affected.  Fortunately, it is relatively easy to evaluate the general validity of the calibration. To test  repeatability, remeasure one of the calibration standards. If you can not obtain repeatable  measurements from your calibration standards, maintenance needs to be performed on the  test port connectors, cables and calibration standards. Also, maintain at least one sample  of the device under test or some known device as your reference device. A verification kit  may be used for this purpose. After calibration, measure the reference device and note its  responses. Periodically remeasure the device and note any changes in its corrected  response which can be attributed to the test system. With experience you will be able to see  changes in the reference responses that indicate a need to perform the measurement  calibration again.2-1 2 Specifications2-2 85052C Specifications Environmental Requirements Environmental Requirements Temperature—What to Watch Out For Changes in temperature can affect electrical characteristics. Therefore, the operating  temperature is a critical factor in performance. During a measurement calibration, the  temperature of the calibration devices must be stable and within the range shown in  Table 2-1. IMPORTANT Avoid unnecessary handling of the devices during calibration because your  fingers are a heat source. Table2-1Environmental Requirements  Parameter Limits  Temperature Operatinga a.The temperature range over which the calibration standards maintain conformance to their  specifications. +20 °C to +26 °C Storage −40 °C to +75 °C Error-corrected rangeb b.The allowable network analyzer ambient temperature drift during measurement calibration  and during measurements when the network analyzer error correction is turned on. Also, the  range over which the network analyzer maintains its specified performance while correction  is turned on. ± 1 °C of measurement calibration temperature  Relative humidityType tested, 0% to 95% at 40 °C, non-condensing85052C 2-3 Specifications Mechanical Characteristics Mechanical Characteristics Mechanical characteristics such as center conductor protrusion and pin depth are not  performance specifications. They are, however, important supplemental characteristics  related to electrical performance. Agilent Technologies verifies the mechanical  characteristics of the devices in the kit with special gaging processes and electrical testing.  This ensures that the device connectors do not exhibit any center conductor protrusion or  improper pin depth when the kit leaves the factory.  “Gaging Connectors” on page3-7 explains how to use gages to determine if the kit devices  have maintained their mechanical integrity. Refer to Table2-2 on page2-4 for typical and  observed pin depth limits. Pin Depth Pin depth is the distance the center conductor mating plane differs from being flush with  the outer conductor mating plane. See Figure 2-1. The pin depth of a connector can be in  one of two states: either protruding or recessed. Protrusion is the condition in which the center conductor extends beyond the outer  conductor mating plane. This condition will indicate a positive value on the connector gage. Recession is the condition in which the center conductor is set back from the outer  conductor mating plane. This condition will indicate a negative value on the connector  gage. Figure2-1Connector Pin Depth2-4 85052C Specifications Mechanical Characteristics The pin depth value of each calibration device in the kit is not specified, but is an  important mechanical parameter. The electrical performance of the device depends, to  some extent, on its pin depth. The electrical specifications for each device in the kit take  into account the effect of pin depth on the device’s performance. Table 2-2 lists the typical  pin depths and measurement uncertainties, and provides observed pin depth limits for the  devices in the kit. If the pin depth of a device does not measure within the observed pin  depth limits, it may be an indication that the device fails to meet electrical specifications.  Refer to Figure 2-1 for a visual representation of proper pin depth (slightly recessed). Table2-2Pin Depth Limits Device  Typical Pin Depth  Measurement Uncertaintya a.Approximately +2 sigma to −2 sigma of gage uncertainty based on studies done at the  factory according to recommended procedures. Observed Pin Depth Limits b  b.Observed pin depth limits are the range of observation limits seen on the gage reading due  to measurement uncertainty. The depth could still be within specifications. Opens0 to −0.0127 mm 0 to −0.00050 in +0.0064 to −0.0064 mm +0.00025 to −0.00025 in. +0.0064 to −0.0191 mm +0.00025 to −0.00075 in Shorts0 to −0.0127 mm 0 to −0.00050 in +0.0041 to −0.0041 mm +0.00016 to −0.00016 in +0.0041 to −0.0168 mm +0.00016 to −0.00066 in Fixed loads −0.0025 to −0.0254 mm −0.0001 to −0.00100 in +0.0041 to −0.0041 mm +0.00016 to −0.00016 in +0.0016 to −0.0295 mm +0.00006 to −0.00116 in TRL adapter  (test port end) 0 to −0.0508 mm 0 to −0.00020 in +0.0041 to −0.0041 mm +0.00016 to −0.00016 in +0.0041 to −0.0549 mm +0.00016 to −0.00036 in TRL Adapter  (airline end) 0 to −0.0051 mm 0 to −0.00020 in +0.0041 to −0.0041 mm +0.00016 to −0.00016 in +0.0041 to −0.0091 mm +0.00016 to −0.00036 in85052C 2-5 Specifications Electrical Specifications Electrical Specifications The electrical specifications in Table 2-3 apply to the devices in your calibration kit when  connected with an Agilent precision interface. Table2-3Electrical Specifications for 85052C 3.5 mm Devices DeviceSpecificationFrequency (GHz) Broadband loads  Return loss ≥ 46 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.00501) a a.Broadband load characteristics ≤ 2 GHz are used only for TRL 2-port calibrations.  1-port calibrations use broadband load characteristics in the 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz  frequency range. dc to ≤ 2 (male and female)Return loss ≥ 44 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.00631)> 2 to ≤ 3 Return loss ≥ 38 dB (ρ ≤ 0.01259)> 3 to ≤ 8 Return loss ≥ 36 dB (ρ ≤ 0.01585)> 8 to ≤ 20 Return loss ≥ 34 dB (ρ ≤ 0.01995)> 20 to ≤ 26.5 Offset opensb b.The specifications for the opens and shorts are given as allowed deviation from the  nominal model as defined in the standard definitions. ± 0.65 ° deviation from nominal   dc to ≤ 3  (male and female) ± 1.20 ° deviation from nominal> 3 to ≤ 8 ± 2.00 ° deviation from nominal> 8 to ≤ 20 ± 2.00 ° deviation from nominal> 20 to ≤ 26.5 Offset shortsb ± 0.50 ° deviation from nominal   dc to ≤ 3  (male and female) ± 1.00 ° deviation from nominal> 3 to ≤ 8 ± 1.75 ° deviation from nominal> 8 to ≤ 20 ± 1.75 ° deviation from nominal> 20 to ≤ 26.5 Long precision airlinec c.The specifications for the airlines is based on mechanical measurements. Refer to the  calibration report included with you kit for the exact dimensions of your precision  airlines. The values given in the calibration report take precedence over any other  published values. Return loss ≥ 56 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.00158)> 2 to ≤ 7 Short precision airlinec Return loss ≥ 50 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.00316) > 7 to ≤ 26.5 Precision adapters Return loss ≥ 30 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.0316)dc to ≤ 2 Return loss ≥ 27 dΒ (ρ ≤ 0.0447)> 2 to ≤ 32-6 85052C Specifications Electrical Specifications Certification Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time  of shipment from the factory. Agilent further certifies that its calibration measurements  are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)  to the extent allowed by the institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities  of other International Standards Organization members. See “How Agilent Verifies the  Devices in Your Kit” on page4-2 for more information.3-1 3 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the  Devices3-2 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Electrostatic Discharge Electrostatic Discharge Protection against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is essential while connecting, inspecting,  or cleaning connectors attached to a static-sensitive circuit (such as those found in test  sets).  Static electricity can build up on your body and can easily damage sensitive internal  circuit elements when discharged. Static discharges too small to be felt can cause  permanent damage. Devices such as calibration components and devices under test (DUT),  can also carry an electrostatic charge. To prevent damage to the test set, components, and  devices: • always wear a grounded wrist strap having a 1 MΩ resistor in series with it when  handling components and devices or when making connections to the test set. • always use a grounded, conductive table mat while making connections. • always wear a heel strap when working in an area with a conductive floor. If you are  uncertain about the conductivity of your floor, wear a heel strap. • always ground yourself before you clean, inspect, or make a connection to a  static-sensitive device or test port. You can, for example, grasp the grounded outer shell  of the test port or cable connector briefly. • always ground the center conductor of a test cable before making a connection to the  analyzer test port or other static-sensitive device. This can be done as follows:  1.Connect a short (from your calibration kit) to one end of the cable to short the center  conductor to the outer conductor. 2.While wearing a grounded wrist strap, grasp the outer shell of the cable connector. 3.Connect the other end of the cable to the test port.  4.Remove the short from the cable. Figure 3-1 shows a typical ESD protection setup using a grounded mat and wrist strap.  Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for information on ordering supplies for ESD protection. Figure3-1ESD Protection Setup85052C 3-3 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Visual Inspection Visual Inspection Visual inspection and, if necessary, cleaning should be done every time a connection is  made. Metal particles from the connector threads may fall into the connector when it is  disconnected. One connection made with a dirty or damaged connector can damage both  connectors beyond repair. Magnification is helpful when inspecting connectors, but it is not required and may  actually be misleading. Defects and damage that cannot be seen without magnification  generally have no effect on electrical or mechanical performance. Magnification is of great  use in analyzing the nature and cause of damage and in cleaning connectors, but it is not  required for inspection.  Look for Obvious Defects and Damage First Examine the connectors first for obvious defects and damage: badly worn plating on the  connector interface, deformed threads, or bent, broken, or misaligned center conductors.  Connector nuts should move smoothly and be free of burrs, loose metal particles, and  rough spots. What Causes Connector Wear? Connector wear is caused by connecting and disconnecting the devices. The more use a  connector gets, the faster it wears and degrades. The wear is greatly accelerated when  connectors are not kept clean, or are not connected properly. Connector wear eventually degrades performance of the device. Calibration components  should have a long life if their use is on the order of a few times per week. Replace  components with worn connectors. The test port connectors on the network analyzer test set may have many connections each  day, and are therefore more subject to wear. It is recommended that an adapter be used as  a test port saver to minimize the wear on the test set’s test port connectors. Inspect the Mating Plane Surfaces Flat contact between the connectors at all points on their mating plane surfaces is required  for a good connection. See Figure2-1 on page2-3. Look especially for deep scratches or  dents, and for dirt and metal particles on the connector mating plane surfaces. Also look  for signs of damage due to excessive or uneven wear or misalignment. Light burnishing of the mating plane surfaces is normal, and is evident as light scratches  or shallow circular marks distributed more or less uniformly over the mating plane  surface. Other small defects and cosmetic imperfections are also normal. None of these  affect electrical or mechanical performance. If a connector shows deep scratches or dents, particles clinging to the mating plane  surfaces, or uneven wear, clean and inspect it again. Devices with damaged connectors  should be discarded. Determine the cause of damage before connecting a new, undamaged  connector in the same configuration.3-4 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Cleaning Connectors Inspect Female Connectors Inspect the contact fingers in the female center conductor carefully. These can be bent or  broken, and damage to them is not always easy to see. A connector with damaged contact  fingers will not make good electrical contact and must be replaced. NOTE This is particularly important when mating nonprecision to precision devices. The female 3.5 mm connectors in this calibration kit are metrology-grade, precision  slotless connectors (PSC). Precision slotless connectors are used to improve accuracy. With  PSCs on test ports and standards, the accuracy achieved when measuring at 50 dB return  loss levels is comparable to using conventional slotted connectors measuring devices  having only 30 dB return loss. This represents an accuracy improvement of about 10 times. Conventional female center conductors are slotted and, when mated, are flared by the  male pin. Because physical dimensions determine connector impedance, this change in  physical dimension affects electrical performance, making it very difficult to perform  precision measurements with conventional slotted connectors. The precision slotted connector was developed to eliminate this problem. The PSC has a  center conductor with a solid cylindrical shell, the outside diameter of which does not  change when mated. Instead, this center conductor has an internal contact that flexes to  accept the male pin. Figure3-2Detail of Precision Slotless Female Connector Cleaning Connectors Clean connectors are essential for ensuring the integrity of RF and microwave coaxial  connections. 1. Use Compressed Air or Nitrogen85052C 3-5 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Cleaning Connectors WARNING Always use protective eyewear when using compressed air or  nitrogen. Use compressed air (or nitrogen) to loosen particles on the connector mating plane  surfaces. Clean air cannot damage a connector or leave particles or residues behind. You can use any source of clean, dry, low-pressure compressed air or nitrogen that has  an effective oil-vapor filter and liquid condensation trap placed just before the outlet  hose. Ground the hose nozzle to prevent electrostatic discharge, and set the air pressure to  less than 414 kPa (60 psi) to control the velocity of the air stream. High-velocity  streams of compressed air can cause electrostatic effects when directed into a connector.  These electrostatic effects can damage the device. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge”  earlier in this chapter for additional information. 2. Clean the Connector Threads WARNING Keep isopropyl alcohol away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store in a  tightly closed container. It is extremely flammable. In case of fire, use  alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide; water may be  ineffective.  Use isopropyl alcohol with adequate ventilation and avoid contact  with eyes, skin, and clothing. It causes skin irritation, may cause eye  damage, and is harmful if swallowed or inhaled. It may be harmful if  absorbed through the skin. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case of spill, soak up with sand or earth. Flush spill area with  water. Dispose of isopropyl alcohol in accordance with all applicable  federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Use a lint-free swab or cleaning cloth moistened with isopropyl alcohol to remove any  dirt or stubborn contaminants on a connector that cannot be removed with compressed  air or nitrogen. Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for a part number for cleaning swabs. a.Apply a small amount of isopropyl alcohol to a lint-free cleaning swab. b.Clean the connector threads. c.Let the alcohol evaporate, then blow the threads dry with a gentle stream of clean,  low-pressure compressed air or nitrogen. Always completely dry a connector before  you reassemble or use it. 3. Clean the Mating Plane Surfaces a.Apply a small amount of isopropyl alcohol to a lint-free cleaning swab. b.Clean the center and outer conductor mating plane surfaces. Refer to Figure2-1 on  page2-3. When cleaning a female connector, avoid snagging the swab on the center  conductor contact fingers by using short strokes.3-6 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Cleaning Connectors c.Let the alcohol evaporate, then blow the connector dry with a gentle stream of clean,  low-pressure compressed air or nitrogen. Always completely dry a connector before  you reassemble or use it. 4. Inspect Inspect the connector to make sure that no particles or residue remain. Refer to “Visual  Inspection” on page 3.85052C 3-7 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors Gaging Connectors The gages available from Agilent Technologies are intended for preventive maintenance  and troubleshooting purposes only. They are effective in detecting excessive center  conductor protrusion or recession, and conductor damage on DUTs, test accessories, and  the calibration kit devices. Do not use the gages for precise pin depth measurements. See  Table 6-1 on page 6-2 for part number information. Connector Gage Accuracy The connector gages are only capable of performing coarse measurements. They do not  provide the degree of accuracy necessary to precisely measure the pin depth of the kit  devices. This is partially due to the repeatability uncertainties that are associated with the  measurement. Only the factory—through special gaging processes and electrical testing—  can accurately verify the mechanical characteristics of the devices. With proper technique, the gages are useful in detecting gross pin depth errors on device  connectors. To achieve maximum accuracy, random errors must be reduced by taking the  average of at least three measurements having different gage orientations on the  connector. Even the resultant average can be in error by as much as ± 0.0001 inch due to  systematic (biasing) errors usually resulting from worn gages and gage masters. The  information in Table 2-2 on page 2-4 assumes new gages and gage masters. Therefore,  these systematic errors were not included in the uncertainty analysis. As the gages  undergo more use, the systematic errors can become more significant in the accuracy of the  measurement. The measurement uncertainties in are primarily a function of the assembly materials and  design, and the unique interaction each device type has with the gage. Therefore, these  uncertainties can vary among the different devices. For example, note the difference  between the uncertainties of the opens and shorts in Table 2-2. The observed pin depth limits in Table 2-2 add these uncertainties to the typical factory  pin depth values to provide practical limits that can be referenced when using the gages.  See “Pin Depth” on page 3. Refer to “Kit Contents” on page 2 for more information on the  design of the calibration devices in the kit. NOTE When measuring pin depth, the measured value (resultant average of three  or more measurements) contains uncertainty and is not necessarily the true  value. Always compare the measured value with the observed pin depth  limits (which account for measurement uncertainties) in Table 2-2 to evaluate  the condition of device connectors.3-8 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors When to Gage Connectors Gage a connector at the following times: •Prior to using a device for the first time: record the pin depth measurement so that it  can be compared with future readings. (It will serve as a good troubleshooting tool when  you suspect damage may have occurred to the device.) •If either visual inspection or electrical performance suggests that the connector  interface may be out of typical range (due to wear or damage, for example). •If a calibration device is used by someone else or on another system or piece of  equipment. •Initially after every 100 connections, and after that as often as experience indicates.85052C 3-9 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors Gaging Procedures Gaging Male 3.5 mm Connectors NOTE Always hold a connector gage by the gage barrel, below the dial indicator.  This gives the best stability, and improves measurement accuracy. (Cradling  the gage in your hand or holding it by the dial applies stress to the gage  plunger mechanism through the dial indicator housing.) 1.Select the proper gage for your connector. Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for gage part  numbers. 2.Inspect and clean the gage, gage master, and device to be gaged. Refer to “Visual  Inspection” and “Cleaning Connectors” earlier in this chapter. 3.Zero the connector gage (refer to Figure 3-3): a.While holding the gage by the barrel, and without turning the gage or the device,  screw the male gage master connecting nut onto the male gage, just until you meet  resistance. Connect the nut finger tight. Do not overtighten. b.Using an open-end wrench to keep the gage from rotating, use the torque wrench  recommended for use with the kit to tighten the connecting nut to the specified  torque. Refer to “Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench” on page 13 for additional  information.  c.As you watch the gage pointer, gently tap the barrel of the gage to settle the reading. The gage pointer should line up exactly with the zero mark on the gage. If not, adjust  the zero set knob until the gage pointer lines up exactly with zero. d.Remove the gage master. 4.Gage the device connector (refer to Figure 3-3): a.While holding the gage by the barrel, and without turning the gage or the device,  screw the connecting nut of the male device being measured onto the male gage, just  until you meet resistance. Connect the nut finger-tight. Do not overtighten. b.Using an open-end wrench to keep the gage from rotating, use the torque wrench  recommended for use with the kit to tighten the connecting nut to the specified  torque. Refer to “Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench” on page 13 for additional  information.  c.Gently tap the barrel of the gage with your finger to settle the gage reading. d.Read the gage indicator dial. Read only the black ± signs; not the red ± signs.  For maximum accuracy, measure the connector a minimum of three times and take  an average of the readings. After each measurement, rotate the gage a quarter-turn  to reduce measurement variations that result from the gage or the connector face not  being exactly perpendicular to the center axis. e.Compare the average reading with the observed pin depth limits in Table 2-2 on page  2-4.3-10 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors Figure3-3Gaging Male 3.5 mm Connectors85052C 3-11 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors Gaging Female 3.5 mm Connectors NOTE Always hold a connector gage by the gage barrel, below the dial indicator.  This gives the best stability, and improves measurement accuracy. (Cradling  the gage in your hand or holding it by the dial applies stress to the gage  plunger mechanism through the dial indicator housing.) 1.Select the proper gage for your connector. Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for gage part  numbers. 2.Inspect and clean the gage, gage master, and device to be gaged. Refer to “Visual  Inspection” and “Cleaning Connectors” earlier in this chapter. 3.Zero the connector gage (refer to Figure 3-4): a.While holding the gage by the barrel, and without turning the gage or the device,  screw the female gage connecting nut onto the female gage master, just until you  meet resistance. Connect the nut finger-tight. Do not overtighten. b.Using an open-end wrench to keep the gage master from rotating, use the torque  wrench recommended for use with the kit to tighten the connecting nut to the  specified torque. Refer to “Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench” on page 13 for  additional information.  c.As you watch the gage pointer, gently tap the barrel of the gage to settle the reading. The gage pointer should line up exactly with the zero mark on the gage. If not, adjust  the zero set knob until the gage pointer lines up exactly with zero. d.Remove the gage master. 4.Gage the device connector (refer to Figure 3-4): a.While holding the gage by the barrel, and without turning the gage or the device,  screw the female gage connecting nut onto the female device being measured, just  until you meet resistance. Connect the nut finger-tight. Do not overtighten. b.Using an open-end wrench to keep the gage master from rotating, use the torque  wrench recommended for use with the kit to tighten the connecting nut to the  specified torque. Refer to “Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench” on page 13 for  additional information.  c.Gently tap the barrel of the gage with your finger to settle the gage reading. d.Read the gage indicator dial. Read only the black ± signs; not the red ± signs.  For maximum accuracy, measure the connector a minimum of three times and take  an average of the readings. Use different orientations of the gage within the  connector. After each measurement, rotate the gage a quarter-turn to reduce  measurement variations that result from the gage or the connector face not being  exactly perpendicular to the center axis. e.Compare the average reading with the observed pin depth limits in Table 2-2 on page  2-4.3-12 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Gaging Connectors Figure3-4Gaging Female 3.5 mm Connectors85052C 3-13 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections Connections Good connections require a skilled operator. The most common cause of measurement error  is bad connections. The following procedures illustrate how to make good connections. How to Make a Connection Preliminary Connection 1.Ground yourself and all devices. Wear a grounded wrist strap and work on a grounded,  conductive table mat. Refer to “Electrostatic Discharge” on page 2 for ESD precautions. 2.Visually inspect the connectors. Refer to “Visual Inspection” on page 3. 3.If necessary, clean the connectors. Refer to “Cleaning Connectors” on page 4. 4.Use a connector gage to verify that all center conductors are within the observed pin  depth values in Table 2-2 on page 2-4. Refer to “Gaging Connectors” on page 7. 5.Carefully align the connectors. The male connector center pin must slip concentrically  into the contact finger of the female connector. 6.Push the connectors straight together and tighten the connector nut finger tight. CAUTION Do not turn the device body. Only turn the connector nut. Damage to the  center conductor can occur if the device body is twisted. Do not twist or screw the connectors together. As the center conductors mate, there is  usually a slight resistance. 7.The preliminary connection is tight enough when the mating plane surfaces make  uniform, light contact. Do not overtighten this connection. A connection in which the outer conductors make gentle contact at all points on both  mating surfaces is sufficient. Very light finger pressure is enough to accomplish this. 8.Make sure the connectors are properly supported. Relieve any side pressure on the  connection from long or heavy devices or cables. Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench Use a torque wrench to make a final connection. Table 3-1 provides information about the  torque wrench recommended for use with the calibration kit. A torque wrench is included  in the calibration kit. Refer to Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for replacement part number and  ordering information. Using a torque wrench guarantees that the connection is not too tight, preventing possible  Table3-1Torque Wrench Information Connector TypeTorque SettingTorque Tolerance 3.5 mm90 N-cm (8 in-lb) ±9.0 N-cm (±0.8 in-lb)3-14 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Connections connector damage. It also guarantees that all connections are equally tight each time. Prevent the rotation of anything other than the connector nut that you are tightening. It  may be possible to do this by hand if one of the connectors is fixed (as on a test port).  However, it is recommended that you use an open-end wrench to keep the body of the  device from turning. 1.Position both wrenches within 90 degrees of each other before applying force. See  Figure 3-5. Wrenches opposing each other (greater than 90 degrees apart) will cause a  lifting action which can misalign and stress the connections of the devices involved.  This is especially true when several devices are connected together. Figure3-5Wrench Positions 2.Hold the torque wrench lightly, at the end of the handle only (beyond the groove). See  Figure 3-6. Figure3-6Using the Torque Wrench 3.Apply downward force perpendicular to the wrench handle. This applies torque to the  connection through the wrench.85052C 3-15 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Handling and Storage Do not hold the wrench so tightly that you push the handle straight down along its  length rather than pivoting it, otherwise you apply an unknown amount of torque. 4.Tighten the connection just to the torque wrench break point. The wrench handle gives  way at its internal pivot point. See Figure 3-6. Do not tighten the connection further. CAUTION You don’t have to fully break the handle of the torque wrench to reach the  specified torque; doing so can cause the handle to kick back and loosen the  connection. Any give at all in the handle is sufficient torque. How to Separate a Connection To avoid lateral (bending) force on the connector mating plane surfaces, always support the  devices and connections. CAUTION Do not turn the device body. Only turn the connector nut. Damage to the  center conductor can occur if the device body is twisted. 1.Use an open-end wrench to prevent the device body from turning. 2.Use another open-end wrench to loosen the connector nut. 3.Complete the separation by hand, turning only the connector nut. 4.Pull the connectors straight apart without twisting, rocking, or bending either of the  connectors. Handling and Storage •Install the protective end caps and store the calibration devices in the foam-lined  storage case when not in use. •Never store connectors loose in a box, or in a desk or bench drawer. This is the most  common cause of connector damage during storage. •Keep connectors clean. •Do not touch mating plane surfaces. Natural skin oils and microscopic particles of dirt  are easily transferred to a connector interface and are very difficult to remove. •Do not set connectors contact-end down on a hard surface. The plating and the mating  plane surfaces can be damaged if the interface comes in contact with any hard surface.3-16 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Configuring Port 1 and Port 2 of the Test Setup Configuring Port 1 and Port 2 of the Test Setup Several configurations of the test setup are possible, depending upon the frequency range,  available cables, operator convenience, and DUT requirements. Following is an example  setup using the two-cable set, and two examples using a single cable. The appropriate  precision adapters are installed on the ends of the cables and become Port 1 and Port 2. Figure3-7Dual Cable Set  Figure3-8Single Cable, Port 1 Female Configuration A Configuration B 8505_078_30285052C 3-17 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Configuring Port 1 and Port 2 of the Test Setup Figure3-9.Single Cable, Port 1 Male3-18 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Installing Test Port Return Cables and Test Port Anti-Rotation Clamps Installing Test Port Return Cables and Test Port  Anti-Rotation Clamps When all parts are ready for use, connect the test port extension cables and test port  anti-rotation clamps (not included - see Table 6-2 on page 6-4 for part number  information). To connect a cable to the test set: •Loosen the test port anti-rotation clamp securing screw and slide the clamp over the  cable far enough to provide access to the cable connector. •Connect the cable to the test port and tighten using the torque wrench. •Slide the clamp toward the port, aligning it so that the flats on the clamp mate with  flats around the test port. Tighten the clamp securing screw. This clamp keeps the cable  from becoming loose from the test set connector.85052C 3-19 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Installing Precision Adapters and Adapter Anti-Rotation Clamps Installing Precision Adapters and Adapter Anti-Rotation  Clamps To install the precision adapters and adapter anti-rotation clamps: •Connect the adapter to the cable, tighten finger tight, and then use the spanner and the  torque wrench to achieve the final torque. •Loosen the adapter anti-rotation clamp securing screws and slide the clamp over the  adapter. Align the clamp so that it can grip both the cable connector body and the  adapter body. Tighten the clamp securing screws. The screw tightening order is not  important. The adapter anti-rotation clamp assures that the TRL adapter does not become loose  during calibration and measurement. •Connect the second TRL adapter and its anti-rotation clamp to serve as Port 2. Figure3-10Two Cable Setup with All Components 3-20 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines Using Precision Airlines When Stop Frequency Is Greater than 7 GHz If the stop frequency is greater than 7 GHz, install the 7-32 GHz air line as follows: •Move the Port 1 nut to its standard position and carefully insert the air line into the  male connector using the installation tool. Figure3-11Insert Air Line •Squeeze the installation tool (closing the slot) to release the center conductor. Then pull  the tool away from the connector, leaving the outer and the center conductors in place. Figure3-12Squeeze Tool to Release, Then Pull •Examine the outer and center conductors to see that they are in place and concentric. If  the center conductor is not centered, use the installation tool to align it. Figure3-13Check Concentricity85052C 3-21 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines •Move the adapter nut to its extended position. For more information, refer to “Precision  Adapters” on page 5. Figure3-14Extended Position with Air Lines Installed •Carefully align and engage the Port 2 female contact with the Port 1 male contact. •Tighten finger tight, then use the spanner and torque wrenches to achieve the final  torque. Figure3-15Connect Port 2 •To remove the 7-32 GHz air line:loosen the Port 1 nut, and then carefully move the Port  2 adapter away. Figure3-16Disconnect Port 23-22 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines •Move the adapter nut to its standard position. Figure3-17Standard Position with Air Line Installed •Examine the outer and center conductors to see that they are in place. •Carefully press the insertion tool onto the connector. Figure3-18.Connect the Insertion Tool •Hold the tool close to the connector without squeezing the tool. Carefully pull the  assembly away from the connector. Figure3-19Remove the 7-32 Line •Check to see that both the inner and the outer conductor have been removed and are  secure in the installation tool. If any part of the air line remains attached to the male port, first press the tool back  onto the connector. Then, try to withdraw the tool and the air line parts again without  closing the slot. If the air line center conductor remains with the female port, use the installation tool to  remove it as follows: •Squeeze the tool and push it to engage the center conductor. •Hold the tool close to the connector, squeeze the tool without closing the slot, and pull  the assembly away. •Use your fingers to remove the center conductor from the tool.85052C 3-23 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines Figure3-20Remove Center Conductor from Port 2 (if necessary) •Carefully insert the center conductor back into the installation tool, male end first. When Start Frequency Is Less Than 7 GHz If the start frequency is less than 7 GHz, install the 2-7 GHz air line as follows: •Move the Port 1 nut to its standard position. Carefully insert the air line outer  conductor and center pin into the male connector using the installation tool. •Hold the air line outer conductor and tighten the Port 1 nut finger tight. Use the torque  wrench to achieve the final torque. Figure3-21Connect the 2-7 Line •Press the tool lightly to engage the center conductor. Figure3-22Engage the Center Conductor •Squeeze the tool to close the slot, then pull the tool away from the connector, leaving the  center conductor. Figure3-23Remove the Tool •Examine the outer and center conductors to see that the are in place and concentric. If 3-24 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines the center conductor is not centered, use the tip of the installation tool to align it. Figure3-24Check the Concentricity •Move the air line nut back to expose the center conductor. Carefully engage the Port 2  female contact with the Port 1 male contact. Be patient when making this connection  because it is easy to move the center conductor off center. Figure3-25Move the Nut Back •Move the nut forward to engage the threads, tighten finger tight, then use the spanner  and the torque wrench to achieve the final torque. Figure3-26Connect Port 2 •To remove the 2-7 GHz air line: loosen the air line nut and carefully move Port 2 away  from Port 1. Figure3-27Disconnect Port 2 •Insert the tool and lightly press it to engage the center conductor.85052C 3-25 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Using Precision Airlines Figure3-28Engage the Tool •Loosen the adapter nut and then disconnect the outer conductor from the adapter. The  center conductor will be removed with the outer conductor. Figure3-29Remove 2-7 Line NOTE It is important to be very careful to move Port 2 away in a straight motion  because the center conductor may stay Port 2. If the center conductor remains  with the female port, use the installation tool to remove it. Carefully insert  the center conductor back into the insertion tool, male end first. Figure3-30Remove Center Conductor from Port 2 (if necessary)3-26 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device  Measurement TRL represents a family of calibration techniques that measure various combinations of  transmission lines and reflection standards to determine the 2-Port 12-term error  coefficients. The specific calibration technique described here uses measurements of the  zero-length thru connection, identical reflection standards at each port, and one or more  transmission lines of appropriate impedance and length for the frequency range. Both the  TRL 2-PORT and the Full 2-Port calibration types use the same accuracy enhancement  mathematics to correct the measured data. TRL, as implemented with this calibration kit,  brings convenience, accuracy, and repeatability to the error correction process because the  typical TRL calibration requires fewer parts that are simpler to connect and disconnect. The procedure used for performing the TRL calibration is as follows: 1.Clean and inspect all connectors. 2.Initiate measurement calibration procedure and measure standards. 3.Verify the calibration. 4.Connect the device under test. NOTE For information on TRL calibration for non-coaxial device measurements,  refer to Agilent Product Note 8510-8A, “Applying the 8510 TRL Calibration  for Non-Coaxial Measurements.” Although the title specifies the 8510, this  document contains a lot of good generic information about TRL calibration  that is applicable to any vector network analyzer.  To download a free copy, go to www.agilent.com and enter literature number  8510-8A in the Search box. PNA-Series Network Analyzers Rather than document here the details of the PNA procedure for performing a TRL  calibration, Agilent recommends that customers use the PNA SmartCal (Guided  Calibration). This PNA feature provides a step-by-step “wizard” interface to walk you  through the calibration. Steps are explained using both text and graphics. For more  information on SmartCal, refer to your PNA’s embedded Help system. To view PNA Help  online, go to www.agilent.com and type PNA Help in the Search box.85052C 3-27 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement NOTE Using adapter clamps, precision adapters, and air lines require too many instructions  to all be included as prompts on the analyzer display during a TRL calibration  procedure. For complete instructions on using these devices, please refer to the  following sections in this manual: •“Precision Adapters” on page1-5 •“Precision Airlines” on page1-6 •“Installing Precision Adapters and Adapter Anti-Rotation Clamps” on page3-19 •“Using Precision Airlines” on page3-20 872x-Series and 875x-Series Network Analyzers Although the 872x and 875x network analyzers don’t have the SmartCal feature like the  PNA, they do provide step-by-step prompts for performing a TRL calibration. For more  information on the most complicated TRL calibration steps, refer to the Note above and to  your analyzer’s User’s Guide. To view your analyzer’s User’s Guide online, go to  www.agilent.com and type your analyzer model number (ex: 8719ES) in the Search box.  Click on the hyperlink for Manuals. 8510-Series Network Analyzers This example describes use of the 8510-series network analyzer and the 85052C 3.5 mm  Precision Calibration Kit to perform a TRL 2-port calibration for measuring an insertable  device. When the test device is insertable, the test ports can be connected together to  establish the Thru connection during calibration. Load Calibration Kit Definition  You can load the calibration kit definition into 8510 memory from a floppy disk or  manually using the analyzer’s front panel keys. For instructions, refer to the analyzer’s  User’s Guide online - go to www.agilent.com  Copies of the disk are no longer offered by Agilent, but you can make your own copy  containing the downloaded file from Agilent’s Calibration Kit Definitions Web page at  www.na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.html. If you don’t have a floppy disk drive to  make a copy, you must manually enter the values from the Web page.  When the calibration kit definition is loaded, the CAL 1 softkey label will read 3.5 mm C.  1. Measure Standards NOTE The standards are measured in the order: Thru, Reflect, Line, Isolation in  order to connect the load standards just once.3-28 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement Press: CAL CAL 1 TRL 2-PORT •Connect the TRL male adapter (Port 1) to the TRL female adapter (Port 2). •Press THRU. The 8510 makes six measurements; they are S11, S21, S12, S22, and two  specially redefined user parameters. Figure3-31Thru Standards •Connect the Short circuit to Port 1. •Press S11 REFLECT SHORT. S11 is measured. Figure3-32S11 Reflection Short Standard •Connect the Short circuit to Port 2. •Press S22 REFLECT SHORT. S22 is measured. •Press LINES. Figure3-33S22 Reflection Short Standard Refer to “When Stop Frequency Is Greater than 7 GHz” on page 20 or “When Start  Frequency Is Less Than 7 GHz” on page 23 as necessary. When Start Frequency Is Less than 2 GHz  If the start frequency is less than 2 GHz,  measure the 0-2 Loads as follows: •Connect a fixed load to Port 1 and a fixed load to Port 2. •Press 0-2 LOADS. The 8510 makes six measurements. All frequencies are measured, but  only data up to 2 GHz are used. These measurements replace error coefficients obtained  from measurement of the 2-7 GHz air line below 2 GHz. Leave the loads connected for 85052C 3-29 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement the Isolation step. Figure3-34Connect the 0-2 Loads •Press LINES DONE. •Press ISOLATION. If maximum transmission dynamic range is not required, skip the isolation part of the  calibration by pressing OMIT ISOLATION and then ISOLATION DONE. Or, to obtain maximum transmission dynamic range, perform the isolation part of the  calibration as follows: •Connect a fixed load to Port 1 and a fixed load to Port 2. •Increase the AVERAGING FACTOR for the isolation measurement to at least 128. Then  press FWD. ISOL'N ISOL'N STD. S21 is measured. •Press REV. ISOL'N ISOL'N STD. S12 is measured. •Press ISOLATION DONE. You may wish to reduce the averaging factor for measurement  of the device under test. •Press SAVE TRL 2-PORT. Figure3-35Reverse Isolation Standards When the computation of error coefficients is complete, press CAL SET 1 (or any other cal set). Error coefficients derived from measurement of the  TRL standards are computed and saved, and then 2-Port correction is turned on. CAUTION Carefully inspect the connectors on the device under test (DUT) and measure  their center conductor pin depth before connecting the DUT to the system.  DUT connectors with incorrect pin size, pin depth, or pin alignment can 3-30 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement damage the test port adapters. Check the Calibration A good first check of the calibration is to measure the transmission and reflection  characteristics of the longer air line. Connect the air line between Port 1 and Port 2 and  view the S21 magnitude and phase and the S11 magnitude. The air line should exhibit low  insertion loss and linear phase. The S11 should be constant over the entire frequency  range. Figure3-362-7 Line S11 Magnitude Figure3-372-7 Line S21 Magnitude and Phase  For a second check, connect the 2-7 Line to Port 1, then connect the Short circuit to the end  of the air line, and view the reflection response.85052C 3-31 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Performing a TRL 2-Port Calibration for a Coaxial Device Measurement Select: S11 DOMAIN TIME BAND PASS Figure3-38Line with Short Circuit View the S11 response. Use the marker to measure the responses at 0 seconds (a rough  measure of effective directivity) and the mismatch at twice the length of the air line (a  rough measure of effective source match). The trace should appear as shown below. If not,  the calibration has not been performed correctly or the calibration components are  defective. Figure3-39Plot of Time Band with Shorted Air Line3-32 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Adapter Removal Calibration Adapter Removal Calibration  NOTE Adapter Removal calibration is a very accurate calibration method for  measuring non-insertable devices with the 872x-series and 875x-series vector  network analyzers. However, it is NOT the most accurate calibration method  for the PNA. For information on PNA calibration methods for measuring  non-insertable devices, refer to your PNA’s embedded Help system. To view  PNA Help online, go to www.agilent.com and type PNA Help in the Search  box. General Theory The following sequence describes the adapter removal method of calibration for  measurement of a noninsertable device. This procedure is the most complete and effective  calibration procedure for measurement of noninsertable devices with the 872x-series and  875x-series vector network analyzers. Although this technique does require two separate  2-Port calibrations, it remains the only traceable method for minimizing the uncertainty in  this measurement. The three precision adapters in this calibration kit provide the parts  required to make the process relatively easy. Detailed information about the adapter removal calibration is contained in Product Note  8510-13. To download a free copy, go to www.agilent.com and enter literature number  8510-13 in the Search box. The previous calibration sequence assumed that the device under test is insertable; it has  a male connector on one port and a female connector on the other port. Thus, the  measurement system can be calibrated and then the test device inserted without changing  the system test port connectors. However, the majority of devices used in microwave systems are noninsertable. Of interest  here are devices having either both male or both female 3.5 mm connectors on Port 1 and  Port 2. Noninsertable Device Configurations Female to Female If the device you are measuring has two female connectors, your setup would look like the  figure below. The female-to-female precision adapter is substituted for the DUT to  accomplish this calibration.85052C 3-33 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Adapter Removal Calibration Figure3-40Female-Female Device Under Test Male to Male If the DUT you are measuring has two male connectors, your setup would look like the  figure below. The male-to-male precision adapter is substituted for the DUT to accomplish  this calibration. Figure3-41Male-Male Device Under Test Adapter Removal Calibration Procedure Create Cal Set for Port 1 First create the Port 1 calibration set by performing the TRL 2-Port calibration between  Port 1 and the adapter. Keep the adapter connected to Port 2 during the entire procedure.  Save the calibration in Cal Set 1. Figure3-42Port 1 Cal Set Create Cal Set for Port 2 Next create the Port 2 calibration set by performing the TRL 2-Port calibration between  Port 2 and the adapter. Keep the adapter connected to Port 1 during the entire procedure.  Save the calibration in Cal Set 2.3-34 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Adapter Removal Calibration Figure3-43Port 2 Cal Set Adapter Removal Mathematics NOTE In the following procedure, the keystrokes are specific to 8510-series network  analyzers. For 872x or 875x keypresses, refer to the analyzer’s User’s Guide.  To view your analyzer’s User’s Guide online, go to www.agilent.com and type  your analyzer model number (ex: 8719ES) in the Search box. Click on the  hyperlink for Manuals and Guides. The Adapter Removal function mathematically combines the Port 1 cal set with the Port 2  cal set to produce a third cal set having the effects of the adapter removed. The resulting  cal set is as if Port 1 and Port 2 could be connected together. When the two calibrations have been saved, proceed with the adapter removal sequence as  follows: Press: CAL MORE MODIFY CAL SET ADAPTER REMOVAL •Press CAL SET for PORT 1, then CAL SET 1. •Press CAL SET for PORT 2, then CAL SET 2. •Press ADAPTER 3.5 mm C.1. This specifies the calibration kit that includes the length  specification for the precision adapter. •Press MODIFY & SAVE, then CAL SET 3. The new calibration set is computed and stored. 2-Port correction is turned on. Now remove the third adapter and connect the DUT. The display should now show an accurate S-parameter measurement of the DUT. Figure3-44Remove the Adapter and Connect the DUT85052C 3-35 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration Offset Load Calibration Offset load calibration uses the precision offset transmission lines to remove the reflection  of the load. The transmission line’s impedance now becomes the calibrated reference  impedance, similar to the TRL calibration. Although the Agilent 8510 had provisions for  offset load calibration, the 85052C calibration kit definitions were never set up for the  offset load standards because one must use the special test port adapters in an unusual  way to provide the offsets. Since many users want to be able to use the precision kit to  perform precision 1-port calibrations, the offset load standards are defined for the PNA.  This also enables the precision SOLT calibration. The PNA offset load calibration is more  accurate than the 8510 implementation. It accounts for both transmission loss and delay of  the offset transmission lines. The solution also includes the impact of port match reflection  tracking errors in a weighted least squares formulation. Phase margin requirements of  offset load calibration are different from TRL calibration. See the following table and  illustrations. Figure3-45Offset Load Calibration: Frequency Range of Calibration Devices Table3-2Offset Load Calibration Fixed load<3 GHz 0 delay load  - and - 2 to 7 GHz line with load <=5.26 GHz 2 to 7 GHz line with load - and - 7 to 32 GHz line with load <9.26 GHz 0 delay load  - and - 7 to 32 GHz line with load <=32 GHz3-36 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration Offset Load Calibration Sequence for the PNA Procedure A: Female Test Port on DUT 1.Using an anti-rotation clamp, connect and secure the –m– to –f– precision TRL adapter  to the analyzer test port. In the remainder of Procedure A, this adapter will be referred  to as the “retractable test port connector.” Figure3-46Procedure A, Step 1 Illustration 2.Select Guided Cal. 3.Measure the open. 4.Measure the short. 5.Measure the load. Figure3-47Procedure A, Steps 3–5 Before performing the following steps, see the section “Using Precision Airlines” on  page3-20 for detailed instructions on how to connect and disconnect precision airlines  to/from test port connectors. 6.Connect the 7-32 GHz offset airline to the retractable test port connector. OPENSHORTLOAD 8505_078_30485052C 3-37 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration Figure3-48Procedure A, Step 6 Illustration  7.Check to make sure the center conductor and outer conductor are concentric.  8.Pull the outer ring of the retractable test port connector to extend the outer nut. Figure3-49Procedure A, Steps 7 and 8 Illustration 9.Carefully connect the load to the retractable test port connector. Make sure the load is  aligned and goes in straight. Figure3-50Procedure A, Step 9 Illustration 10.Measure the load, then disconnect it. 11.Disconnect the 7-32 GHz offset airline. 8505_078_305 8505_078_3063-38 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration 12.Push the extended outer nut back on the retractable test port connector.  13.Connect the 2-7 GHz offset airline to the retractable test port connector. Figure3-51Procedure A, Steps 12 and 13 Illustration 14.Check to make sure the center conductor and outer conductor are concentric. Refer to  Figure3-49 on page3-37. 15.Carefully connect the load to the retractable test port connector. Make sure the load is  aligned and goes in straight. Figure3-52Procedure A, Step 15 Illustration 16.Measure the load. 17.Disconnect the 2-7 GHz offset airline.85052C 3-39 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration Procedure B: Male Test Port on DUT   1.Using an anti-rotation clamp, connect and secure the –f– to –f– precision TRL adapter  to the analyzer test port. In the remainder of Procedure B, this adapter will be referred  to as the “test port connector.” Figure3-53Procedure B, Step 1 Illustration 2.Select Guided Cal. 3.Measure the open. 4.Measure the short. 5.Make one of the following combinations: • Connect a –m– load to the –m– to –f– precision TRL adapter (Option A), or • Connect a –f– load to the –m– to –m– precision TRL adapter (Option B) 6.Connect either combination as the load to the test port connector. 7.Measure the load. Figure3-54Procedure B, Steps 3–7 Illustration  Before performing the following steps, see the section “Using Precision Airlines” on  page3-20 for detailed instructions on how to connect and disconnect precision airlines 3-40 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration to/from test port connectors. 8.Connect the 7-32 GHz offset airline to the retractable connector of the adapter.  Figure3-55Procedure B, Step 8 Illustration 9.Check to make sure the center conductor and outer conductor are concentric.  10.Pull the outer ring of the adapter to extend the outer nut. Figure3-56Procedure B, Steps 9 and 10 Illustration  11.Carefully connect the airline/retractable connector of the adapter to the test port  connector. Make sure the center contacts mate properly. Figure3-57Procedure B, Step 11 Illustration 12.Measure the load. 13.Disconnect the adapter from the test port connector. 8505_078_313 GOOD                       BAD GAP85052C 3-41 Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration 14.Disconnect the 7-32 GHz offset airline from the retractable connector of the adapter. 15.Push the extended outer nut of the adapter back.  16.Connect the 2-7 GHz offset airline to the retractable connector of the adapter. 17.Check to make sure the center conductor and outer conductor are concentric.  Figure3-58Procedure B, Steps 15–17 Illustration 18.Carefully connect the airline/retractable connector of the adapter to the test port  connector. Make sure the center contacts mate properly. Figure3-59Procedure B, Step 18 Illustration 19.Measure the load. 20.Disconnect the adapter from the test port connector. 21.Disconnect the 2-7 GHz offset airline from the retractable connector of the adapter. To perform an Open/Short/Load/Offset Load calibration, perform a 1-port calibration. If the  setup is like Figure 3-8 Configuration A, use Option A of the female port, 1-port  calibration. If the setup is like Figure 3-8 Configuration B, use Option B of the female port,  1-port calibration. 8505_078_315 HOLD TURN GOOD BAD3-42 85052C Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices Offset Load Calibration4-1 4 Performance Verification4-2 85052C   Performance Verification Introduction Introduction The performance of your calibration kit can only be verified by returning the kit to Agilent  Technologies for recertification. The equipment required to verify the specifications of the  devices in the kit has been specially manufactured and is not commercially available. How Agilent Verifies the Devices in Your Kit Agilent verifies the specifications of these devices as follows: 1.The residual microwave error terms of the test system are verified with precision  airlines and shorts that are directly traced to the National Institute of Standards and  Technology (NIST). The airline and short characteristics are developed from mechanical  measurements. The mechanical measurements and material properties are carefully  modeled to give very accurate electrical representation. The mechanical measurements  are then traced to NIST through various plug and ring gages and other mechanical  measurements. 2.Each calibration device is electrically tested on this system. For the initial (before sale)  testing of the calibration devices, Agilent includes the test measurement uncertainty as  a guardband to guarantee each device meets the published specification. For  recertifications (after sale), no guardband is used and the measured data is compared  directly with the specification to determine the pass or fail status. The measurement  uncertainty for each device is, however, recorded in the calibration report that  accompanies recertified kits. These two steps establish a traceable link to NIST for Agilent to the extent allowed by the  institute’s calibration facility. The specifications data provided for the devices in the kit is  traceable to NIST through Agilent Technologies.85052C 4-3 Performance Verification Recertification Recertification The following will be provided with a recertified kit: •a new calibration sticker affixed to the case •a certificate of calibration •a calibration report for each device in the kit listing measured values, specifications,  and uncertainties NOTE A list of NIST traceable numbers may be purchased upon request to be  included in the calibration report. Agilent Technologies offers a Standard calibration for the recertification of the kit. For  more information, contact the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office. See  “Contacting Agilent” on page5-5. How Often to Recertify The suggested initial interval for recertification is 12 months or sooner. The actual need for  recertification depends on the use of the kit. After reviewing the results of the initial  recertification, you may establish a different recertification interval that reflects the usage  and wear of the kit. NOTE The recertification interval should begin on the date the kit is first used after  the recertification date. Where to Send a Kit for Recertification Contact Agilent Technologies for information on where to send your kit for recertification.  See “Contacting Agilent” on page5-5. Refer to “Returning a Kit or Device to Agilent” on  page5-4 for details on sending your kit.4-4 85052C   Performance Verification Recertification5-1 5 Troubleshooting5-2 85052C   Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Process Troubleshooting Process If you suspect a bad calibration, or if your network analyzer does not pass performance  verification, follow the steps in Figure 5-1. Figure5-1Troubleshooting Flowchart 85052C 5-3 Troubleshooting Where to Look for More Information Where to Look for More Information This manual contains limited information about network analyzer system operation. For  detailed information on using a VNA, ENA or PNA series network analyzer, refer to the  appropriate user guide or online Help. •To view the ENA or PNA online Help, press the Help key on the front panel of the  network analyzer. •To view an online VNA user guide, use the following steps: 1.Go to www.agilent.com. 2.Enter your VNA model number (Ex: 8753ES) in the Search box and click Search. 3.Under the heading Manuals & Guides, click on the title/hyperlink for the  document PDF you want to view.   If you need additional information, see Contacting Agilent on page5-5.5-4 85052C   Troubleshooting Returning a Kit or Device to Agilent Returning a Kit or Device to Agilent If your kit or device requires service, contact Agilent Technologies for information on  where to send it. See Contacting Agilent on page5-5 for information. Include a service tag  (located near the end of this manual) on which you provide the following information: •your company name and address •a technical contact person within your company, and the person's complete phone  number •the model number and serial number of the kit •the part number and serial number of each device •the type of service required •a detailed description of the problem and how the device was being used when the  problem occurred (such as calibration or measurement)85052C 5-5 Troubleshooting Contacting Agilent Contacting Agilent Assistance with test and measurements needs and information on finding a local Agilent  office are available on the Web at: www.agilent.com/find/assist If you do not have access to the Internet, please contact your Agilent field engineer. NOTE  In any correspondence or telephone conversation, refer to the Agilent product  by its model number and full serial number. With this information, the  Agilent representative can determine whether your product is still within its  warranty period.5-6 85052C   Troubleshooting Contacting Agilent6-1 6 Replaceable Parts 6-2 85052C   Replaceable Parts Introduction Introduction Table 6-1 lists the replacement part numbers for items included in the 85052C calibration  kit and Figure 6-1 illustrates each of these items. Table 6-2 lists the replacement part numbers for items not included in the calibration kit  that are either required or recommended for successful operation of the kit. To order a listed part, note the description, the part number, and the quantity desired.  Telephone or send your order to Agilent Technologies. See Contacting Agilent on page5-5  for information. Table6-1Replaceable Parts for the 85052C Calibration Kit  Descriptiona   Qty Per Kit Agilent Part Number  Calibration Devices (3.5 mm) –m– broadband load100902-60003 –f– broadband load100902-60004 –m– offset open185052-60008 –f– offset open185052-60009 –m– offset short185052-60006 –f– offset short185052-60007 Precision Adapters (3.5 mm) –m– to –m–185052-60033 –f– to –f–185052-60032 –m– to –f–185052-60034 Precision Airlines Long, 2 to 7 GHz (includes insertion tool)185052-60036 Short, 7 to 32 GHz (includes insertion tool)185052-60035 Protective End Caps for Connectors Protective Cap 0.234 IDas  required 1401-0202 Protective Cap 0.313 IDas  required 1401-0208 Protective Cap 0.812 IDas  required 1401-021485052C 6-3 Replaceable Parts Introduction Tools 5/16 in, 90 N-cm (8 in-lb) torque wrench18710-1765 Spanner wrench108513-20014 4-mm hex balldriver18710-1933 Adapter anti-rotation clamp285052-20060 Calibration Kit Storage Case Box (without foam pads)15180-8419 Foam pad (for lid)15180-7807 Foam pad (for lower case)185052-80037 Foam pad (in between lid and lower case)15181-5522 Miscellaneous Items 85052C User’s and Service Guideb 185052-90078 a.Refer to Clarifying the Terminology of a Connector Interface on page1-15. b. See “Printing Copies of Documentation from the Web” on pageii. Table6-1Replaceable Parts for the 85052C Calibration Kit  Descriptiona   Qty Per Kit Agilent Part Number 6-4 85052C   Replaceable Parts Introduction Table6-2Items Not Included in the Calibration Kit Description  QtyAgilent Part Number  Connector Gages (3.5 mm) Gage Set (for female connectors)185052-60043 Gage Set (for male connectors)185052-60042 Tools 7 mm open-end wrench18710-1761 20 mm, 0.9 N-m (8 in-lb) torque wrench18710-1764 Test port anti-rotation clamp208515-60003 Slotless Connector Repair Kit 3.5 mm slotless connector contact repair kit a a.All female connectors on the precision devices in this kit are slotless connectors. Refer to  “Inspect Female Connectors” on page3-4. 185052-60049 ESD Protection Devices Grounding wrist strap19300-1367 Heel strap9300-1308 5 ft grounding cord for wrist strap19300-0980 2 ft by 4 ft conductive table mat with 15 ft grounding wire19300-0797 Connector Cleaning Supplies Anhydrous isopropyl alcohol (>92% pure) b b.Agilent can no longer safely ship isopropyl alcohol, so customers should purchase it  locally. ---- Cleaning swabs 1009301-124385052C 6-5 Replaceable Parts Introduction Figure 6-1   Component Identification Sheet for the 85052C Calibration Kit6-6 85052C   Replaceable Parts IntroductionA-1 A Standard DefinitionsA-2 85052C   Standard Definitions Class Assignments and Standard Definitions Values are Available on the Web Class Assignments and Standard Definitions Values are  Available on the Web Class assignments and standard definitions may change as more accurate model and  calibration methods are developed. You can download the class assignments and standard  definitions from Agilent’s Calibration Kit Definitions Web page at  http://na.tm.agilent.com/pna/caldefs/stddefs.html. For a detailed discussion of calibration kits, refer to the Agilent Application Note,  “Specifying Calibration Standards and Kits for Agilent Vector Network Analyzers.” This  application note covers calibration standard definitions, calibration kit content and its  structure requirements for Agilent vector network analyzers. It also provides some  examples of how to set up a new calibration kit and how to modify an existing calibration  kit definition file. To download a free copy, go to www.agilent.com and enter literature  number 5989-4840EN in the Search window.Index 85052C Index-1 Numerics 8510 network analyzer, 1-11 A adapter anti-rotation clamp part number, 6-3 adapter removal calibration, 8510  analyzer, 3-32 adapters, 1-5 extended position, 1-6, 3-21 part numbers, 6-2 precision connectors, 1-5 recession limits, 1-5 standard position, 1-6, 3-22 Agilent Technologies application note, A-2 contacting, 5-5 agreements customer assistance, -iii maintenance, -iii airlines installation tools, 1-7, 3-22,  3-23, 3-25 part numbers, 6-2 precision 2 to 7 GHz, 1-6, 3-23 7 to 32 GHz, 1-6, 3-20 frequency coverage, 1-8 alcohol isopropyl as cleaning solvent, 3-5 precautions for use of, 3-5 altitude specifications, 2-2 anti-rotation clamps adapter, 3-19 test port, 3-18 assistance customer, -iii who to contact, -iii B balldriver hex part number, 6-3 box pads part numbers, 6-3 broadband loads, 1-3 part numbers, 6-2 specifications, 2-5 C cal kit performance verifying, 4-2 calibration adapter removal, 8510 analyzer,  3-32 bad, 5-2 certificate of, 4-3 checking, 3-30 constants, See calibration  definitions frequency, 1-16 MIL-STD 45662, 4-3 offset load, 3-35 report, 4-3 temperature, 2-2 TRL 8510, 3-27 PNA, 872x, and 875x, 3-26 when to perform, 1-16 calibration definitions, 1-11 entering, 1-11 calibration kit Agilent Application Note, A-2 contents, 1-2, 6-5 drawing of, 6-5 modifying definition files, A-2 overview, 1-2 performance how Agilent verifies, 4-2 verifying, 4-2 case storage part number, 6-3 certificate of calibration, 4-3 certification of device specifications, 2-6 characteristics mechanical, 2-3 checking the calibration, 3-30 clamp adapter anti-rotation installing, 3-19 part number, 6-3 test port anti-rotation installing, 3-18 class assignments downloading from Agilent Web  site, A-2 cleaning connectors, 3-4 cleaning supplies, 1-11 part number, 6-4 cleaning swabs, 3-5 part number, 6-4 compressed air for cleaning, 3-4 conductive mat part number, 6-4 configuration noninsertable device, 3-32 one or two cables, 3-16 connections, 3-2, 3-13 ESD protection, 3-13 final, 3-13 preliminary, 3-13 separating, 3-15 using torque wrench, 3-13 connector 3.5 mm, 1-10 cleaning, 3-4 damage, 3-3 defects, 3-3 female, 3-4, 3-11 gage accuracy, 3-7 handling, 3-7 use of, 3-7 zeroing, 3-7 gaging, 3-7 to determine pin depth, 3-7 when to do, 3-8 gender, 1-15 male, 3-9 mating plane surfaces, 3-5 cleaning, 3-5 slotless, 1-14, 3-4, 6-4 slotless repair kit part number, 6-4 terminology, 1-15 threads cleaning, 3-5 inspecting, 3-3 visual inspection, 3-3 wear, 3-3 affect on electrical  performance, 3-3 connector gage accuracy, 3-11 handling, 3-9, 3-11 use of, 3-11 zeroing, 3-9, 3-11 constants, calibration, See  calibration definitions contacting Agilent, 5-5 contents calibration kit, 6-5 drawing of, 6-5 incomplete what to do, 1-12 D damage caused by electrostatic  discharge, 3-2 device, 3-3 inspecting for, 3-3 to connectors, 3-3Index-2 85052C   Index what to do, 1-12 damaged connectors, 3-3 data recertification, 4-3 defective connectors, 3-3 defects connector, 3-3 definitions calibration, 1-11 entering, 1-11 permanently stored, 1-11 deviation from nominal phase, 2-5 device connecting, 3-13 damage, 3-3 disconnecting, 3-15 handling, 3-15 maintenance, 1-15 performance verifying, 4-2 specifications, 2-5 certification of, 2-6 traceability, 4-2, 4-3 storage, 3-15 temperature, 2-2 visual inspection, 3-3 disconnections, 3-15 documentation part number, 6-3 downloading class assignments &  std definitions from the Web,  A-2 E electrical specifications, 2-5 electrostatic discharge, See ESD end caps part numbers, 6-2 environmental regulations, 3-5 requirements, 2-2 specifications, 2-2 equipment required, 1-11 ESD, 3-2 precautions, 3-5 protection, 3-2 supplies, 3-2 part numbers, 6-4 extended position, adapters, 1-6,  3-21 F female connectors, 3-4 inspection of, 3-4 frequency specifications, 2-5 frequency of calibration, 1-16 G gage connector, 1-11 handling, 3-9, 3-11 part numbers, 6-4 zeroing, 3-9, 3-11 gaging connectors, 3-7 when to do, 3-8 female connectors, 3-11 male connectors, 3-9 to determine pin depth, 3-7 gender, connector, 1-15 H handling, 3-15 heel strap part number, 6-4 hex balldriver part number, 6-3 hookup one or two cables, 3-16 how often to calibrate, 1-16 humidity specifications, 2-2 I incoming inspection, 1-12 information, troubleshooting, 5-3 inspection damage, 3-3 defects, 3-3 female connectors, 3-4 incoming, 1-12 mating plane surfaces, 3-3 visual, 3-3 isopropyl alcohol as cleaning solvent, 3-5 precautions for use of, 3-5 K kit contents, 1-2, 6-5 drawing of, 6-5 overview, 1-2 L limits pin depth, 2-4 loads broadband, 1-3 part numbers, 6-2 M maintenance, 3-2 agreements, -iii of devices, 1-15 preventive, 1-15 making connections, 3-13 ESD protection, 3-13 precautions, 3-13 manual printing, -ii mat conductive part number, 6-4 mating plane surfaces cleaning, 3-5 connector, 3-5 inspection of, 3-3 mechanical characteristics, 2-3 affect on electrical performance,  2-3 verifying, 3-7 MIL-STD 45662 calibration, 4-3 modifying calibration kit  definition files, A-2 N National Institute of Standards  and Technology (NIST), 2-6,  4-2 network analyzer, 8510, 1-11 nitrogen for cleaning, 3-4 noninsertable device  configuration, 3-32 numbers replaceable parts, 6-2 serial, 1-13 recording, 1-13 O observed limits pin depth, 2-4 offset load calibration, 3-35 sequence Procedure A, 3-36 Procedure B, 3-39 offset opens part numbers, 6-2 offset shorts part numbers, 6-2 offsets, 1-4 open-end wrench, 1-11, 3-15 part number, 6-4 opens, 1-4 part numbers, 6-2 specifications, 2-5 operating and service package part number, 6-3Index 85052C Index-3 ordering parts, 6-2 P part numbers, 6-2 of items in kit, 6-2 of items not in kit, 6-4 parts included in kit, 6-2 not included in kit, 6-2, 6-4 ordering, 6-2 replaceable, 6-2 performance verification fail, 5-2 pin depth, 2-3 affect on electrical performance,  2-4 gaging to determine, 3-7 observed limits, 2-4, 3-7 protrusion, 2-3 recession, 2-3 typical values, 2-4 precision adapters part numbers, 6-2 precision airlines 2 to 7 GHz, 1-6, 3-23 7 to 32 GHz, 1-6, 3-20 frequency coverage, 1-8 installation tools, 1-7, 3-22,  3-23, 3-25 part numbers, 6-2 precision slotless connectors, 1-14 preventive maintenance, 1-15 protective end caps part numbers, 6-2 protrusion pin depth, 2-3 R recertification how to order, 4-3 interval, 4-3 what's included, 4-3 where it’s done, 4-3 recession pin depth, 2-3 recession limits of adapters, 1-5 regulations environmental, 3-5 repair kit slotless connector part number, 6-4 replaceable parts, 6-2, 6-5 drawing of, 6-5 report, calibration, 4-3 requirements environmental, 2-2 return kit or device to Agilent, 5-4 return loss specifications, 2-5 S separating connections, 3-15 serial numbers, 1-13 devices, 1-13 recording, 1-13 service, 5-4 service tag, 1-12, 4-3, 5-4 shorts, 1-4 part numbers, 6-2 specifications, 2-5 slotless connector repair kit part number, 6-4 spanner wrench part number, 6-3 specifications, 2-2 altitude operating, 2-2 storage, 2-2 certification of, 2-6 deviation from nominal phase,  2-5 device, 2-5 electrical, 2-5 environmental, 2-2 frequency, 2-5 humidity operating, 2-2 storage, 2-2 return loss, 2-5 temperature, 2-2 torque wrench, 3-13 traceability, 4-2, 4-3 standard definitions downloading from Agilent Web  site, A-2 standard position, adapters, 1-6,  3-22 standards international, 2-6 National Institute of Standards  and Technology (NIST), 2-6,  4-2 static discharge, 3-2 electricity, 3-2 storage, 3-15 storage case part number, 6-3 strap heel part number, 6-4 wrist part number, 6-4 supplies cleaning, 1-11 part number, 6-4 swabs cleaning, 3-5 T tag service, 1-12, 4-3, 5-4 temperature affect on electrical performance,  2-2 calibration, 2-2 cautions about, 2-2 changes in, 2-2 device, 2-2 error-corrected, 2-2 measurement, 2-2 specifications, 2-2 operating, 2-2 storage, 2-2 verification and measurement,  2-2 test configuration one or two cables, 3-16 test data, 4-3 threads connector cleaning, 3-5 inspecting, 3-3 tools hex wrench, 1-9 part numbers, 6-3 spanner wrench, 1-9 torque wrench, 1-9 torque wrench, 1-11 part number, 6-3 specifications, 3-13 traceability of device specifications, 4-2, 4-3 TRL calibration acronym meaning, 1-2 performing 8510, 3-27 PNA, 872x, and 875x, 3-26 troubleshooting, 5-2 V verification temperature, 2-2 visual inspection, 3-3 W wearIndex-4 85052C   Index connector, 3-3 affect on electrical  performance, 3-3 when to calibrate, 1-16 wrench open-end, 1-11, 3-14, 3-15 part number, 6-4 proper positioning of, 3-14 spanner part number, 6-3 torque, 1-11, 3-13, 3-14 part number, 6-3 precautions for use of, 3-14 proper use of, 3-14 wrist strap part number, 6-4 Z zeroing connector gage, 3-9, 3-11
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